But the documentary sources of this work are by no means. Every stockholder received 20 trust certificates for each share of standard oil stock. Standard oil complicity in ww2 must be included even if it is only an addendum. In 1980 a subsidiary, king ranch oil and gas, conducted exploration and production of mineral resources in five states and the gulf of mexico. It is an expose about the standard oil company, run at the time by oil tycoon john d. The history of the standard oil company chapter 18. Tarbell exposes the standard oil company connecticut history. It is represented on the board of directors of nearly all the great systems, and it has an immense freight not only in oil products.
The history of the standard oil company is a book written by journalist ida tarbell in 1904. Rockefeller 18391837 was the was the owner od the standard oil company. In 1874, standard started acquiring new oil pipeline networks. Rockefeller formed could enough capital have been obtained to develop the business falls utterly in face of fact. Our resources for globalizing your curriculum include resource guides. Our collaborative learning opportunities help k12 teachers build global proficiency and 21stcentury skills in the classroom. Ida tarbells the history of the standard oil company helped fuel the fire for oil strikes, instigated a 93footlong petition for a free pipeline bill and inspiration of the public to educate themselves about how the standard oil company worked and its scandalsconspiracies. Winkle is an associate professor of history at the. Nov 30, 2011 the history of the standard oil company 30 nov ida tarbells the history of the standard oil company helped fuel the fire for oil strikes, instigated a 93footlong petition for a free pipeline bill and inspiration of the public to educate themselves about how the standard oil company worked and its scandalsconspiracies.
American isolationism and the european origins of war. Rockefeller and partners incorporate the standard oil co. Nov 22, 2015 the history of the standard oil company. Debating the documents interpreting alternative viewpoints in primary source documents john d. Supreme court, standard oil company of new jersey et al. Originally serialized in 19 parts in mcclures magazine, the book was a seminal example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts. Petroleum history the environmental literacy council. Publication date 1904 topics standard oil company publisher. Owners of small certificates naturally refused to exchange.
He built up the company through 1868 to become the largest oil refinery firm in the world. Clark and samuel andrews in a cleveland, ohio, oilrefining business. In 1870, the company was renamed standard oil company, after which rockefeller decided to buy up all the. Look at the enormous amounts of capital, a large amount of it speculative, to be sure, which the oil men claim went into their business in the first ten years. In a series of articles from 1902 to 1904 she revealed the machinations through which the company achieved its monopoly, especially the rebate deals it worked out with various railroads. The rise and progress of the standard oil company primary source edition. In 1870, rockefeller abolished the partnership and incorporated standard oil in ohio. The history of the standard oil company, originally a serial that ran in mcclures, is one of the most thorough accounts of the rise of a business monopoly and its use of unfair practices.
Harkness, and oliver burr jennings, who had married the sister of william rockefellers wife. Excerpts from the nineteen installments published by mcclures magazine. What percent of the nations oil business did standard oil. Economic history of the standard oil company history essay. The history of the standard oil company would be hailed as a landmark in the history of investigative journalism, as well as the most comprehensive study of the building of rockefellers oil empire. When being referenced, page numbers are a necessity. Nevertheless on the strength of its large capacity it received the special favour. For example, on january 2, 1882, the standard oil trust was formed.
One result largely attributable to tarbells work was a supreme court decision in 1911 that found standard oil in violation of the sherman antitrust act. Rockefeller the richest figure in americas history. In 1870, the company was renamed standard oil company, after which rockefeller decided to buy up all the other competition and form them into one large company. Learn about key events in history and their connections to today.
Standard oil was founded by john rockefeller and became the leading company in the oil market, controlling nearly 90% of the united. On the standard oil company national humanities center. Tarbell is remembered for her muckraking journalism and her expose of the standard oil company. George rice on railroad rates for twenty years george rice attempted to remain in the refining business despite what he claimed.
Rockefeller and his partners started the standard oil company in. Perhaps its because primary sources give students a better sense of what history is and. Rockefeller and associates, controlling almost all oil production, processing, marketing, and transportation in the united states. John rockefeller man who formed the standard oil company and used threats and deceit to acquire his competitors. Primary resourceshistorical documents, literary texts, and works of art thematically. Rockefeller s ruthless building of standard oil company, the. In 1897 it took 19412 shares in the standard oil trust to bring back one share in each of the twenty companies.
In 1945 the first wildcat well revealed the borregas oilfield, and since then four other major oil locations have been discovered on the king ranch. Rockefellers company, formed in 1870, which came to symbolize the trusts and monopolies of the gilded age. Rockefeller and henry flagler as a corporation in ohio, it was the largest oil refiner in the world of its time. Industrialization of the united states practice test. Modern course 7 college course equivalent 7 prerequisites course framework 11 course framework components historical thinking skills and reasoning processes 17 course content 22 course at a glance 27 unit guides 29 using the unit guides 31 geographical coverage 33 unit 1. The classic book that exposed rockefeller and standard oil and that fueled public opinion against the oil trust was ida tarbells history. For texans, the 20th century did not begin on january 1, 1901, as it did for everyone else. Jan 21, 2010 standard oil complicity in ww2 must be included even if it is only an addendum. The primary market for oil had begun to disappear when thomas edison invented the light bulb and created the electrical generation industry.
The great wealth of its chief stockholders and its large measure of monopolistic control have made it, in the popular mind, the typical trust. He was the first person who revolutionized the petroleum industry, and. A rapidly growing number of history teachers today are using primary sources. It was also one of the first multinational corporations, and at times distributed more than half of the companys kerosene production outside the us. By keeping transportation prices low, standard oil delivered lessexpensive oil to market, pricing out much of the competition. The gilder lehrman institute of american history offers lessons, quizzes, activities and primary source documents for a variety of topics including the farmers revolt, and responses to industrialization. But he also made great contributions to the growth of the united states. The next theory in terms of plausibility is that joe has a long history of standing in for the common man, and since coffee came to be the common, everyday beverage, the two were a natural fit. Standard oil was started by rockefeller way back when. He wanted not only to be wealthy but to also control every single thing about the oil industry. May 15, 1911 supreme court orders standard oil company.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Standard oil company was incorporated in ohio in 1870, but the companys origins date to 1863, when john d. May 15, 1911 supreme court orders standard oil company to. The history of the standard oil company is listed number five among the top 100 works of twentiethcentury american journalism by the new york times in 1999. Originally serialized in nineteen parts in mcclures magazine, the book is a seminal example of muckraking, and inspired many other journalists to write about trusts, large. Established in 1870 as an ohio corporation, it was the largest oil refiner in the world and operated as a major company trust and was one of the worlds first and largest multinational corporations until it was broken up by the united states supreme court in 1911.
The rise and progress of the standard oil company primary. On may 15, 1911, the supreme court ordered the dissolution of standard oil company, ruling it was in violation of the sherman antitrust act. The standard oil trust the standard oil company was one of the first corporations to organize in the form of a trust in the legal sense. Aug 19, 2014 the gilder lehrman institute of american history offers lessons, quizzes, activities and primary source documents for a variety of topics including the farmers revolt, and responses to industrialization. The standard owns stock in most of the great systems. Ninety percent of the nations oil business is controlled by the standard oil company. Rockefeller entered the oil industry in the 1860s and in 1870, and founded standard oil with some other business partners. Search the history of over 431 billion web pages on the internet. Answers the most trusted place for answering lifes. Start studying the history of the standard oil company. Bria 16 2 b rockefeller and the standard oil monopoly. In 1904 the articles were collected as the history of the standard oil company. This lead to standard oils next big move in the business world.
Rockefeller and his standard oil company were widely admired and just as widely despised. They are the raw materials, or the evidence, on which historians base their secondary accounts of the past. Rockefeller and the standard oil company is an online history. Her work was a sensation and the installments became a twovolume book entitled, the history of the standard oil company, published in 1904. By 1873, standard had eliminated most competition within ohio of total us production, and began to spread into the northeast. It further appears that standard wished to crush rice and his business. Once the competition was gone in particular regions, rockefeller could resume higher prices. In 1882, edison threw a switch to start the first commercial electrical generating plant and, by the turn of the century, there were over 18 million lightbulbs in use in the u. The court found that standard was an illegal monopoly and ordered it broken into 34 separate companies. Primary sources are called primary because they are firsthand records of a past era or historical event.
The king of the combinations history teaching institute. Rockefellers random reminiscences is in part a direct response to tarbells work. A board of trustees was set up, and all the standard properties were placed in its hands. The history of the standard oil company work by tarbell britannica. Dec 03, 2007 standard oil was started by rockefeller way back when.
The history of the standard oil company progressiveeradotcom. By 1877 this company controlled 95% of the oil refineries in the us. History of the standard oil company 1902 was a series that revealed that rockefeller had created a system of secret and illegal agreements with select railroads. Standard oil company, was, as you might guess, an oil company. The refinery was the largest in the town, though it had some close competitors.
Rockefeller 18391937, founder of the standard oil company, became one of the worlds wealthiest men as americas first billionaire and a major philanthropist. As you read this excerpt from tarbells book, think about how rockefeller controlled the oil industry. Students will discuss questions that explain what actions by a company will lead. History 20142015 chapter 6, section 3 flashcards quizlet. The history of the standard oil company remains a classic of investigative reporting, and tarbells legacy as a someone who took seriously the credo that journalists should afflict the comfortable and comfort the afflicted lives on. The articles also helped to define a growing trend to investigation, in john d. It appears that the standard oil company and george rice were competitors in the business of refining oil in the neighborhood of macksburg, ohio, and each equally dependent on the same railroad. Quickly forming a company he began to drill a well. This enabled the company to cut off the flow of crude oil to refineries rockefeller wanted to buy. History of the standard oil company 1902 was a series that. Full text of the history of the standard oil company. It also sparked investigations in the railroad industry, the poor treatment of railroad workers.
People criticized his monopoly and forced the courts to close the standard oil trust in. Sherman antitrust act 1890 welcome to ourdocuments. It is an expose about the standard oil company, run at the time by oil tycoon. The feds thought they were breaking the shermans antitrust act. On february 1, 1860, he struck oil twentyfive barrels a day and oil was selling at eighteen dollars a barrel. Rockefeller, the richest figure in american history. Rockefellers ruthless building of standard oil company, the. Chapter 6 from the history of the standard oil company.
The rise and progress of the standard oil company primary source edition montague, gilbert holland on. Rockefeller, his brother william rockefeller, henry flagler, chemist samuel andrews, silent partner stephen v. The standard oil trust was formed in 1863 by john d. He did not wait for an engine, but worked his drill through the rock by a spring pole. Primary source works to advance global and cultural learning in schools. He did use some questionable business practices building his wealth. Standard oil of indiana, as the company was officially known for many years, took shape in 1899.
Now in 1870 the standard oil company had a daily capacity of about 1,500 barrels of crude. Attorney samuel dodd of standard oil first had the idea of a trust. The series was so successful that it had a profound impact on public policy. Primary source from the history of the standard oil company journalist ida m. We soon discovered as the business grew that the primary method of transporting oil in barrels. Thus one share in the standard oil company of ohio was worth twentyseven shares in the standard oil trust. Its history as one of the worlds first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911.
Venezuelas descent into economic and political chaos in recent years is a cautionary tale of the dangerous influence that resource wealth can have on developing countries. It was a plausible way to get around the theory generally held then, as now, though not so. Jan 06, 2020 the history of the standard oil company remains a classic of investigative reporting, and tarbells legacy as a someone who took seriously the credo that journalists should afflict the comfortable and comfort the afflicted lives on. The working force for americas industrial revolution came from two sources.
He built the oil empire in america becoming in a monopoly that controlled 90% of pipelines and refineries by 1880. The house she lived in in easton became a national historic landmark in 1993. The company set up two train systems for transporting goods in 1904. The history of the standard oil company clovis municipal school. The history of the standard oil company work by tarbell. Standard oil was a predominant american integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. Its history as one of the worlds first and largest multinational corporations ended in 1911, when the u. Ida tarbell wrote in her history of the standard oil company 1904, you could argue its existence from its effects, but you could not prove it. Ida tarbell, investigative journalist, lecturer, and chronicler of american industry, best known for her classic the history of the standard oil company 1904, which helped define the trend to investigation, expose, and crusading in liberal journals of the day that came to be known as muckraking.
The history of the standard oil company is a 1904 book by journalist ida tarbell. Sometimes they would take advantage of the disadvantaged or poor. The reader is asked to decide which label fits him best. Standard oil company the claim that only by some such aggregation as mr. The history of the standard oil company by tarbell, ida m. Chapter 7 robber baron or industrial statesman digital history. With standard oils size and wealth, no oil company had any hope of outlasting standard oil in such a situation. Standard oils prehistory began in 1863, as an ohio partnership formed by industrialist john d. The history of the standard oil company flashcards quizlet. Bloodied, rockefeller and standard were hardly defeated. During the year of 1899, the standard oil trust, which was headquartered in new york, was legally changed and rose anew as what was called a holding company or a parent corporation, titled the standard oil company of new jersey or socnj. Workers and work in america, 1600present a multimedia course with many useful links.